Becoming a U.S. citizen through naturalization is one of the most significant milestones in an immigrant's journey. Form N-400 is the application that starts this process. Here is a step-by-step guide to help you prepare.
Basic Eligibility Requirements
Must be at least 18 years old
Permanent resident (Green Card holder) for 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen)
Continuous residence in the U.S.
Physical presence for at least 30 months in the past 5 years
Good moral character
Basic English language skills
Knowledge of U.S. history and civics
Step-by-Step Preparation Guide
Confirm Your Eligibility
Review all requirements carefully before investing time and money in your application. Check your Green Card expiration, any criminal history, and travel records.
Complete Form N-400
Answer all 20+ parts of the form honestly and completely. Provide all dates, addresses, and employer information for the last 5 years. Leave no field blank — write "N/A" if not applicable.
Gather Your Documents
Required documents include a copy of your Green Card (front and back), passport photos, travel history documentation, tax returns, and any court records if applicable.
Pay the Filing Fee
The current filing fee is $725 (as of 2024), which includes the biometrics fee. Some applicants may qualify for a fee waiver. Check USCIS.gov for the latest amounts.
Attend the Biometrics Appointment
USCIS will schedule you for fingerprinting and a background check after receiving your application.
Prepare for the Civics & English Test
Study the 100 USCIS civics questions. You will be asked 10 and must answer at least 6 correctly. The English test involves reading, writing, and speaking.
Attend the Naturalization Interview
A USCIS officer will review your application, test your English and civics knowledge, and ask questions about your background and eligibility.
Take the Oath of Allegiance
Once approved, you will be scheduled for a ceremony where you take the Oath of Allegiance and receive your Certificate of Naturalization.
Pro Tip
Allow yourself plenty of time. USCIS processing times for the N-400 can range from 8 to 24+ months depending on the field office. Apply as soon as you are eligible.
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Disclaimer: Migrant Navigator is a private document preparation service. We are not attorneys and do not provide legal advice. This article is for informational purposes only.